Wednesday, September 4, 2019

Subject Verb Agreement

Rule 1:Subject Singular হলে Verbও Singular হবে।Subject Plural হলে Verbও Plural হবে।

Example:

She goes to school.

They go to school.

Rule 2:And দ্বারা দুটি Singula Noun যুক্ত হলে Verb Plural হবে।তবে দুটি Noun দ্বারা একই জিনিস বোঝালে Verb Singular হবে।

Example:

Rahim and Karim are friends.

Tea and Coffee are my favourite drinking.

The Headmaster and the secretary are present.(অালাদা ব্যক্তি)

The Headmaster and secretary is present.(একই ব্যক্তি)

Bread and butter is my favourite food.(একই বস্তু)

Rule 3:একটি Infinitive, Gerund, Verbal Noun, Clause বা Phrase যদি কোন Sentence এর Subject হয় তবে, Verb Singular Form হবে।
Example :

To err is human. (Infinitive)

Swimming is a good exercise. (Gerund)

The reading of history is interesting. (Verbal Noun)

What Ratul says is not true. (Clause)

How to do this is a difficult questions. (Phrase)

Rule 4:As well as, with including, together with, except, in addition to, no less than, accompanied by, along with ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো বাক্যে দুটি subject কে যুক্ত করলে প্রথম subject অনুসারে verb হয়।

Rahim as well as his friends has gone to see his ailing mother

I along with some of my friends was present

Rule 5:Either……or, Neither…..nor দ্বারা বাক্যে দুটি subject কে যুক্ত করলে or এবং nor এর পরের subject অনুসারে verb হয়। অর্থাৎ নিচের স্ট্রাকচার অনুযায়ী হয়-

either/neither + noun + or/nor + plural noun + plural verb…

either/neither + noun + or/nor + singular noun + singular verb..

Either Rahim or his brothers were  present.

Either Rahim or Karim was present.

Neither Rahim nor his brothers were present.

Neither Rahim nor his brother was present

Rule 6: Not only….but also দ্বারা বাক্যে দুটি subject কে যুক্ত করলে but also এর পরের subject অনুসারে verb হয়।

Not only I but also my friends were present

Not only Rahim but also karim is responsible for this.

Rule 7:One of এর পরে noun টি plural হলেও verb singular হয়।

One of the boys is absent.

Rule 8:All, both, few, many, several, some ইত্যদি শব্দগুলোর পর plural noun বা pronoun হয়, তাই plural verb হয়।

Many people are not hard workers

Rule 9:Cattle, people, public, peasantry, police, dozen, poultry, gentry, mankind  ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো দেখতে singular মনে হলেও যখন subject হিসেবে বসে তখন verb plural হয়।

Cattle are grazing in the field.

Rule 10:বাক্যে “A number of”  এবং “The number of” এর ব্যবহার। নিচের স্ট্রাকচার অনুযায়ী ব্যবহিত হয়।

a number of + plural noun + plural verb …

the number of + plural noun + singular verb…

A number of students were killed in the accident.

The number of students in this class is eighty.

Rule 11:একটি Infinitive, Gerund, Verbal Noun, Clause বা Phrase যদি কোন Sentence এর Subject হয় তবে, Verb Singular Form হবে।
Example :

To err is human. (Infinitive)

Swimming is a good exercise. (Gerund)

The reading of history is interesting. (Verbal Noun)

What Ratul says is not true. (Clause)

How to do this is a difficult questions. (Phrase)

Rule 12:Cattle, people, public, peasantry, police, dozen, poultry, gentry, mankind  ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো দেখতে singular মনে হলেও যখন subject হিসেবে বসে তখন verb plural হয়।

Cattle are grazing in the field.

The peasantry of Bangladesh are poor

Rule 13:News, wages, physics, mathematics, polices, gallows ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো দেখতে plural মনে হলেও এগুলো যখন  subject হিসাবে বসে তখন subject singular হিসেবে ব্যবহিত হয়।

The news is bad.

Rule 14:There এর পরের Subject অনুযায়ী Verb নির্ধারিত হবে।অর্থাৎ there এর পর Noun Singular হলে Verb Singular হবে।অার Noun Plural হলে Verbও Pural গবে।

Rule 15:everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,none,everything,something,anything,nothing এর পর Verb এর Singular Form হবে।

Everybody is responsible for it.

Nobody believes a liar.

Nothing is certain.

Rule 16:বাক্যে no এর পর singular verb এবং plural verb দুটিই হতে পারে। নিচের স্ট্রাকচার অনুযায়ী ব্যবহিত হয়।

no + singular noun / non-count noun + singular verb

no + plural noun + plural verb

No example is relevant to this case.

No examples are relevant to this case.

Rule 17:বাক্যে none এর পর singular verb এবং plural verb দুটিই হতে পারে। নিচের স্ট্রাকচার অনুযায়ী ব্যবহিত হয়।

none + of the + non-count noun + singular verb

none + of the + plural count noun + plural verb

None of the counterfeit money has been found.

None of the students have finished the exam yet.

Rule 18:Collective Noun এর পরে Singular Verb বসবে।
Example :

The class is suspended for heavy rainfall.

The jury was unanimous in its opinions.

কিন্তু Collective Noun এর ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে প্রত্যেকটিকে পৃথক পৃথক বুঝালে তার পরে Plural Verb বসে।

Example :

The class are divided in this matter.

The jury were divided in their opinions.

Rule 19:একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ দুরত্ব বা পরিমাণ বুঝালে Subject Plural হলেও তার পরে Singular Verb বসে। 

Example :

 Ninety miles is a long distance 

Fifty thousand taka is a big amount.

Rule 20:Either, Neither, Each, Everyone, Many a এর পরে অবশ্যই Singular Verb বসে।

Example :

Either of the girls has done the work.

Neither of the boys had got a prize.

Everyone of the boys was given a prize.

Rule 21:Most ও Majority কে Plural হিসেবে গণ্য করা বলে এদের পরে Plural Verb বসে।

Example :

Most of the people of Bangladesh are poor.

The Majority of the people are famous

Rule 22:যদি বিভিন্ন Number অথবা Person এর Subject 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাহলে Person অনুযায়ী Subject বসাবার সাধারণ নিয়ম - প্রথমে 2nd Person, পরে 3rd Person ও শেষে 1st Person হয়।অর্থাৎ ২৩১ হবে

Example : 

You, he and I are friends.

You and I would enjoy the TV.

কিন্তু দোষ স্বীকারের ক্ষেত্রে বিপরীত পদ্ধতি হয়।অর্থাৎ ১২৩ হবে।

Example : 

I, he and you have done the mischief.

Rule 23:দুটি Noun Each, Every বা No দ্বারা বিশেষিত হলেও যদি তাদেরকে And দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয় তবে Verb Singular হবে।

Example : 

Each boy and each girl has got prize.

Every man and every woman was given monetary help.

Rule 24:টাকার পরিমাণ, সময়, দুরুত বাচক শব্দগুলো যদি subject হিসেবে বসে তবে verb singular হয়।

Tow hours is a long time.

One hundred dollars is a lot of money.

Rule 24:একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ দুরত্ব বা পরিমাণ বুঝালে Subject Plural হলেও তার পরে Singular Verb বসে। 

Example :

Ninety miles is a long distance 

Fifty thousand taka is a big amount.

Rule 25:দেশের নাম, বইয়ের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়।

Gulliver’sTravels is an interesting book.

The United States of America is a rich country.

Rule 25:A many(অনেকগুলো) এর পর Verb এর Plural form হবে।অার Many a এর পর Verb এর Singular Form হবে।

Example:

A many girls were appearing in the exam.

Many a girl was appearing in the exam.

Rule 26:Fraction এর ক্ষেত্রে যদি লব(numerator) 1 হয়,তবে Verb Singular হবে।অার লব(Numerator) যদি 1 এর চেয়ে বেশি হয় তবে Verb plural হবে।

Example:

One third of the book is read.

One fourth of the newspaper is read.

Two thirds of the book are read.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Dialogue:a dialogue about uses and abuses of using Facebook

Dialogue:A dialogue about uses and abuses of using Facebook.

X:How are you,Y?

Y:I am fine.What are you doing?

X:I am using Facebook.

Y:Can you tell me what is the purpose of using Facebook?

X:It is one of the best medium of communication.It allows the users to communicate with friends and make new friends around the world.

Y:Why do you use Facebook?

X:I use Facebook because it gives me the opportunities to share my ideas,thoughts and activities with people.

Y:Is there any other benefit of Facebook?

X:Facebook can be used for educational purposes.

Y:Can you tell me the abuses of Facebook?

X:People are addicted to it.Students kill their valueable time by chatting.Many researchers have proved that using Facebook can create loneliness.

Y:Can you tell me whether Facebook is useful or harmful?

X:Everything has both good and bad sides.Facebook is not free from it.We should use Facenook only for informative purposes.We shouldn't be addicted to it.

Monday, February 4, 2019

Global Warming

                Global Warming

Global warming means gradual increase in the world’s temperature caused by green house gases.The main green house gas is carbon dioxide and others include nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), methane etc.Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences.It has become a threat to all living beings on earth.Global warming is due to greenhouse effect.It is the gradual warming of the air because of heat being trapped on earth.This is happening because of environmental pollution.We are destroying our tropical rain forests, growing industries and mills-factories, using CFC gas.Thus, we are polluting our environment.By the destruction and burning down our forests, the amounts of carbon dioxide are increasing.The increased amounts of carbon dioxide around the earth have made a layer in space.The sun rays are coming through the layer but the heat can not pass through the layer.This is why the heat is being trapped on earth and making our globe warmer.As a result of this,the temperatures of the world are increasing day by day.The weather pattern is changing.The alarming news is that the polar ice caps are melting and this might cause the flooding of huge
areas of the globe.Bangladesh also cannot
escape the paws of this enemy.The lower southern part of the country may go under water one day.We should prevent the pollution of the environment and save our only living place.

Thursday, October 18, 2018

Letter/email:A letter describing about your hostel life.

From:X.123@gmail.com

To:Y.450@gmail.com

Sent:18 October,2018.11 pm.

Subject:Describing about hostel life.

Dear mother,

As you wanted to know about my hostel life,so I'm giving a brief/short description about it.

There is no difficulty in my hostel.The environment of the hostel is very beautiful.I can study here attentively All the students are very helpful and friendly.My room-mate is very co-operative.We help each other like brothers.The food of my hostel is as good as my house.The dining hall is very clean and spacious.Our Supervisor takes great/good care of us.Not only this,there is facility for both indoor and outdoor games.So you need not be worry about my hostel life.

Yours ever

Md. X

Thursday, June 28, 2018

Application:For friendly cricket match.

Application:For friendly cricket match.

May 28,2018

The Headmaster

X High School

Baizid,Chittagong

Sub:Prayer for permission to play friendly cricket match.

Sir,

We have the honour to state that our half yearly exam is over and we are very much interested to play a friendly cricket match with our neighbouring B.S. High School.Our physical education teacher Md. x has already given necessary guidance to arrange/hold the match.But we can't arrange it without your permission.

We,therefore,pray and hope that you would be kind enough to give us your permission and oblige thereby.

Your obediently

Md. X

On behalf of the student of class X.

Application:An application for multimedia classroom

Application:An application for multimedia classroom

May 28,2018

The Headmaster

X High School

Baizid,Chittagong

Sir,

We have the honour to state that we badly need a multimedia classroom.We need a classroom where computer,Internet connection and other modern facilities will be available.If we have multimedia classroom,we will have easy access to the different sources of knowledge.But if we don't get multimedia classroom facility,we will lag behind.We will fail to keep pace with the changing world.

We,therefore,pray and hope that you would be kind enough to take necessary steps for setting up multimedia classroom system and oblige thereby.

Your obediently

Md. X

On behalf of the student of class X.